DNA-based Tests

List of PCR tests available in the laboratory.

CAP recommends using neoplastic cellularity as the number of neoplastic cells or nuclei compared to the overall or toal number of cells or nuclei.

DNA is extracted from micro-dissected tumor-rich tissue area on FFPE section. PCR is performed on exons with hot spot mutations and the PCR products are analysized by Sanger sequencing using capillary electrophoresis. DNA integrity is checked across PCR products of sizes 135, 226, 315 and 435 bp. Tumor content >20% is ideal for molecular analysis. Micro-dissection allows enrichment of more than 80% of tumor cells, exceeding the general accepted sensitivity of 15% for manual sequence.

Automated real-time PCR, digital PCR and droplet digital PCR are also available for tests requiring high sensitivity.

References databases:
1. Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
2. Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer COSMIC, databases in the Wellcome Sanger Institute.
3. Clinical Interpretation of Variants in Caner CIViC, identifying evidence levels and clinical trials.
4. Franklin, Variant interpretations.
5. Genome Nexus, OncoKB Therapeutic Levels.
6. Mutalyzer, check HGVS nomenclature, position conversion, SNP converter,...
7. NCBI ClinVar and dBSNP, containing only well documented reportable variants.
8. Varsome, assist in following ACMG and AMP classification.

Please order the test through the desktop little fox.

Genes Hot spot exons/methods
ALK (ALK receptor tyrosine kinase) Exons 20, 22-25
beta-catenin (CTNNB1 catenin beta 1) Exon 3
D32, S33, G34, S37, T41, and S45
BCOR-ITD (BCL6 corepressor-Internal Tandem Duplication) Internal Tandem Duplication
3’-part of the coding sequence of exon 15
BRAF (B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase) Exons 11 & 15
BRCA1 (BRCA1 DNA repair associated)
BRCA2 (BRCA2 DNA repair associated)
Germline mutations
1. All coding exons + flanking intronic sequences
2. MLPA for large duplications/deletions
(BRCA1, BRCA1 region and BRCA2)
BRCA1 (BRCA1 DNA repair associated)
BRCA2 (BRCA2 DNA repair associated)
Somatic mutations
All coding exons + flanking intronic sequences
EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) Exons 18 - 21
real-time PCR (liquid biopsy)
droplet digital PCR (liquid biopsy)
ELOC (Elongin C)
(TCEB1, Transcription Elongation Factor B Polypeptide 1)
Tyr79, Ala100, Ala106, Ser23
ERBB2 (HER2, erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2) Exons 8, 19, 20 & 21
FGFR1 (Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1) Exons 9, 12, 14, 15 & 18
includes tandem duplication in exon 18
Gene rearrangement IgH (immunoglobulin heavy locus)
genescan (inhouse and BioMed II primer sets)
Gene rearrangement TCR (T-cell receptor)
genescan (inhouse and BioMed II primer sets)
GNAS (GNAS complex locus) Exons 8 & 9
HAVCR2 (Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2)
Germline mutations
Exons 2 & 7
Histone H3 H3F3A (H3-3A)
H3F3B (H3-3B)
HIST1H3B (H3C2)
HIST1H3C (H3C3)
HIST2H3C (H3C14)
HPV (human papilloma virus typing) Typing of specific strain
IDH1/IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase) Exon 4
KIT (KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) Exons 9, 11, 13, 14 & 17 (for GIST)
Exons 8, 11 & 17 (for hematology)
KRAS (KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase) Exons 2 - 4
Lymphoma translocations BCL2-IGH t(14;18)
BCL1-IGH t(11;14)
MET (MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase) Exon 14
MGMT (O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) methylation-specific PCR
+ nested PCR for low level methylation
Microsatellite instability 1. Mononucleotide Panel
(BAT-25, BAT-26, NR-21, NR-24, NR-27)
2. NCI Panel (mono and dinucleotide markers)
(BAT-25, BAT-26, D2S123, D5S346, D17S250)
3. Promega microsatellite kit (mono + ID)
MiniSTR polymorphism 6 Short Tandem Repeats (microsatellite)
markers for tissue contamination
(D1S1677, D2S441, D4S2364, D10S1248,
D14S1434 and D22S1045) PMID:15830996
NRAS (NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase) Exons 2 - 4
PDGFRA (platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha) Exons 12, 14, 18 & 23
PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate
3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha)
Exons 7, 9 & 20
real-time PCR
POLE (DNA polymerase epsilon, catalytic subunit) Exons 9 - 14
PRKD1 (Protein Kinase D1) Exon 15 (E710D)
RET (ret proto-oncogene) Exons 10, 11, 13, 14 & 16
STR genotyping for partial mole Sex typing and studying the
STR polymorphism of 16 marker loci:
amelogenin, CSF1PO, D2S1338, D5S818,
D7S802, D8S1179, D13S267, D13S317,
D13S1358, D16S359, D17S1322, D18S51,
D21S11, FGA, THO1, TPOX and vWA
Tuberculosis Please contact the Microbiologist.
We extract the DNA for them.
TERT promoter (telomerase reverse transcriptase) C228T & C250T